COManagement and incentives
Coinbase Global, Inc. COIN
Coinbase paid Brian Armstrong $9,713,000 for 2025, and $8,713,000 of that was personal security and private aircraft rather than anything tied to results. His only live performance award is a 2020 option on 9,293,911 shares struck at $23.46, and it pays nothing further unless the share price holds at or above $320 for 60 consecutive sessions, then $360, then $400, before the option expires on August 10, 2030.
Key data
COIN · price with moving averages
Source: market data.
What the scoreboard pays for
| Element | What it measures, in plain words | Weight | Threshold / Target / Maximum | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base salary, CEO | Fixed cash, unchanged from 2024 | His only cash | $1,000,000 | Paid |
| 2020 CEO Performance Award | Share price alone. A tranche vests when the volume weighted price sits at or above the target for 60 consecutive sessions | All of his performance pay | $200 pays 34.0%, then $240, $280, $320, $360 and $400 pay 13.2% each | $200 met 7/8/2021, $240 met 2/4/2025, $280 met 9/12/2025. Three open |
| Security and aircraft, CEO | Not a metric. Reported as pay because SEC rules treat it as a perquisite | Not weighted | $7,643,834 security plus $1,069,166 aircraft in 2025 | Paid |
| 2025 RSUs, other officers | Nothing. Time only, twelve quarterly vests over three years | All of their 2025 equity | Choi 72,910 shares, Haas 49,214, Grewal 36,455 plus a one-time 36,455, Brock 32,809 | Vesting |
| 2023 COO award, revenue | Cumulative revenue, 2023 through 2025 | 20% of Choi's award | $12.6B / $14.65B / $16.7B | $16.85B, above maximum |
| 2023 COO award, adjusted EBITDA | Cumulative profit struck before stock paid to staff, the data theft losses, and marks on crypto held for investment | 20% of Choi's award | $1.8B / $3.2B / $4.9B | $7.1B, above maximum |
| 2023 COO award, relative return | Rank against the S&P 500 for each year and for the full three years | 60% of Choi's award | 35th / 55th / 75th percentile | Above the 75th for the full period |
| 2026 COO award | Cumulative revenue, cumulative adjusted EBITDA and relative return, 2026 through 2028 | Not disclosed | Target 212,999 shares, maximum 425,998. Goal values not disclosed | Open |
| 2026 cash bonus program | Operating income. The CEO is excluded | Not disclosed | Not disclosed | First outcome due in the 2027 proxy |
Nothing in the chief executive's award touches revenue, profit, users or assets, which is why the company names share price as its own selected performance measure. A headline print does not satisfy it: the price has to sit at or above the target on 60 consecutive sessions. Shares touched $402.16 inside the past year and the $320 tranche still carries no achievement date.
The only operating bars anyone here has been graded against sit in the president's 2023 award, and all three cleared above maximum. Cumulative adjusted EBITDA came in at $7.1 billion against a $4.9 billion ceiling, on a measure that in 2025 alone set aside $839.4 million of stock paid to staff, $528.9 million of crypto losses and $345.2 million of data theft losses, a $1.5 billion gap to net income.
What it has paid so far
| Fiscal year | CEO pay in the summary table | Of which performance pay | Tranche cleared | Year-end price | Net income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | $4,704,800 | $0 | None | $173.92 | $0.1B |
| 2024 | $7,235,090 | $0 | None | $248.30 | $2.6B |
| 2025 | $9,713,000 | $0 | $240 on Feb 4, $280 on Sep 12 | $226.14 | $1.3B |
| $100 invested Apr 14, 2021 | Coinbase | S&P North American Technology |
|---|---|---|
| End 2022 | $11 | $74 |
| End 2023 | $53 | $120 |
| End 2024 | $76 | $163 |
| End 2025 | $69 | $209 |
Three proxies in a row show a chief executive granted no equity and paid no bonus, whose reported pay doubled on guards and flights.
Where it stands and what he does next
The next bar needs a computed 94% rise from the $164.87 close on Sep 16, 2026, then three months of holding it. The street's median target is $208 and the highest published is $330, so two of his three open tranches sit above every analyst on the name. The new cash bonus for the other officers is keyed to operating income in a year the street models at a $752 million operating loss.
His award has no operating metric and the balance sheet has no room for a price-moving acquisition, which leaves three levers. The repurchase authorization went from $1.0 billion to $2.0 billion in October 2025 and to $4.0 billion in January 2026, and roughly $1.21 billion was spent in the first half of 2026 at an average near $170.57, against $790.2 million in the fifteen months before. Cash and marketable investments fell from $11.6 billion to $8.8 billion over that half against $5.9 billion of long-term debt. Repurchasing at $170 during an operating loss supports the price his option grades and the owner funds it, so watch it against the cash balance. Second is cost, with 700 roles cut in May 2026 while full-year expense guidance still reads slightly above 2025. Third is announcements, which cost nothing, so watch whether capital spending moves while the everything exchange, prediction markets and stablecoin payments keep getting named.
Armstrong recorded 325,000 shares disposed under code S for $94.5 million at an average of $290.82, all between September 2025 and January 2026, starting the week the $280 tranche certified, and none since. Co-founder and director Fred Ehrsam disposed of 370,564 shares for $114.3 million at $308.42 and the president 100,000 for $31.1 million at $310.88. The people closest to the plan took money out in the $300s, the range it now needs everyone else to reach again.
Closing thoughts
Coinbase pays its chief executive to put the share price above $320 and keep it there for three months, and nothing for revenue, profit or users. He owns 49.6% of the votes, so the scoreboard is unlikely to change, and with no operating metric his cheapest levers are repurchases and announcements. The repurchase line against the cash balance is where the option and the owner first come apart.
Methodology
Sector frame: Crypto exchange and financial infrastructure; the plan's own measures are share price, cumulative revenue, cumulative adjusted EBITDA, relative shareholder return against the S&P 500, and, from 2026, operating income; valuation and multiples are outside this report's lane except where cited as the market's own estimate of the plan's price bar.
Data gaps: the 2026 cash bonus program's operating income targets, weights and participant target percentages are not disclosed and are deferred to the 2027 proxy; the 2026 COO Performance Award's component weights and goal values are not disclosed; the exact 60-session volume weighted price series Nasdaq reports for tranche certification is not published, so the reconstruction confirming the $280 certification date and the shortfall on $320 is an approximation of the plan's own math and is not used as a stated figure.
Bundle: state/COIN_context.json · Filing anchor: DEF 14A (filed Apr 24, 2026).
Sources: SEC EDGAR primary documents read this session, being the DEF 14A filed Apr 24, 2026, the DEF 14A filed Apr 25, 2025, the DEF 14A filed Apr 25, 2024, the 10-K for 2025 filed Feb 12, 2026, the 10-Q for the second quarter of 2026 filed Jul 30, 2026, the 8-Ks filed Jun 18, Jul 23 and Sep 2, 2026, and 90 Forms 4 covering the twelve months to Sep 16, 2026; live quote, price history and analyst consensus from Financial Modeling Prep pulled Sep 16, 2026.
Fact check: every compensation, award and financial figure traced to a named SEC filing pulled in this session, with the tranche table and achievement dates reconciled across three consecutive proxies; the $16.85B cumulative revenue result independently footed to the 10-K's 2023, 2024 and 2025 revenue lines, and the adjusted EBITDA exclusions taken from the 10-K's own reconciliation; insider transaction codes verified in raw Form 4 XML rather than the rendered view, separating code S disposals from code F tax withholding, code M exercises and code C conversions; the 94% gap to the next bar, the first-half repurchase spend and average price, and the half-over-half declines are labeled as computed from filed figures and the live quote.
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